Corns & calluses

When the skin around the heels becomes thickened or dry, it loses it’s suppleness and elasticity, and can split under simple pressures such as that from walking. This can lead to unsightly, painful and even bleeding cracked heels.

Symptoms include

  • A hardened raised bump or pit in the skin
  • Thickening of the skin
  • Pain with pressure over skin irritations

Care and treatment of corns

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Foot assessment for circulatory, diabetes and Neurological disorders, edema, skin discolouration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Reduce the thickness of the corn to relief the pressure on underlying nerve endings and lift corn out
  • Reduction of thick and hardened skin
  • Monitor skin /feet condition to prevent skin breakdown and trauma
  • Padding as required
  • Provide information regarding prevention and care

Fissures & cracked heels

When the skin around the heels becomes thickened or dry, it loses it’s suppleness and elasticity, and can split under simple pressures such as that from walking. This can lead to unsightly, painful and even bleeding cracked heels.

Symptoms include

  • Red or flaky patches
  • Pain
  • Peeling and cracked skin
  • Itchy skin
  • Bleeding or discharge from cracks

Care of fissures and cracked heels

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Foot assessment for circulatory, diabetes and Neurological disorders, edema, skin discoloration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Reduce the thickness of the corn to relief the pressure on underlying nerve endings and lift corn out
  • Reduction of thick/hardened skin
  • Monitor feet/skin condition to prevent skin breakdown and trauma
  • Padding as required
  • Health teaching of skin and nail condition and preventative measures

Fungal nail infections

Thick, brittle, yellow-brown, or opaque nails are common with fungal nail infections. The infected area may crumble or seem to pull away from the rest of the nail. Fungus thrives in the warm, moist, dark environment created by wearing closed-toed shoes. Nail injury also increases the risk of fungal nail infection.

Symptoms include

  • Thickened
  • Brittle, crumbly or ragged
  • Distorted in shape
  • Dull, with no shine
  • A dark color, caused by debris building up under your nail
  • Infected nails also may separate from the nail bed
  • Pain
  • Slight foul odor

Care of fungal nail infection

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Foot assessment for circulatory, diabetes and neurological disorders, edema, skin condition and discoloration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Assess clients nails: abnormal softening of the nail, brittleness, change in nail shape, crumbling of the outside edges of the nail, debris trapped under the nail, loosening or lifting up of the nail, thickening of the nail, white or yellow streaks on the side of the nail
  • Reduction of thick mycosis nails to relief pressure on the nail bed and surrounding area
  • Clean debris trapped under the nail/nail fold
  • Refer to physician if required

Hammer, claw & mallet toes

Hammer, claw and mallet toes display as varying contracture combinations of the small joints in the toes. These deformities can make shoe fitting a nuisance and can lead to painful corns and callouses.

Symptoms include

  • Visible deformities of the toes
  • Pain from friction when wearing footwear
  • Callousing and corns

Treatment of hammer, claw and mallet toes

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Foot assessment for circulatory, diabetes and Neurological disorders, edema, skin discoloration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Reduce the thickness of the corn to relief the pressure on underlying nerve endings and lift corn out
  • Reduction of thick/hardened skin
  • Monitor feet/skin condition to prevent skin breakdown and trauma
  • Padding as required
  • Health teaching of skin and nail condition and preventative measures

Ingrown toenails

An ingrown toenail may cause pain, pressure, and even cut into the skin leading to an infection.

Symptoms include

  • Pain and tenderness in your toe along one or both sides of the nail
  • Redness around your toenail
  • Swelling of your toe around the nail
  • Infection of the tissue around your toenail

Treatment of an ingrown nail

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Assess for signs and symptoms of circulatory, diabetes and Neurological disorders, edema, skin discoloration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Assess for signs and symptoms of infections
  • Provide information regarding prevention and care/treatment options
  • Relief pressure on the nail bed and surrounding area and use infection control measures
  • The use of a nail correction system, a versatile and innovative product that enables completely painless treatment of almost all forms of involuted and ingrown toenails.
  • Assess for proper foot wear, stockings and leg coverings
  • Provide health teaching
  • Refer to physician if infection is present

Ram's horn nail

Ram’s horn nail is increase in the volume of toe nail which can resemble class or a ram’s horn. This condition can be caused by trauma or diseases related to the narrowing of arteries. Neglect of proper toe nail cutting can also lead to this condition.

Symptoms include

  • Hypertrophy/thickening of the nail
  • Appears as a thick, curved nail
  • Often resembles a ram’s horn
  • Painful due to pressure of the thickened nail pressing on the nail bed – especially if wearing tight footwear

Treatment of ram’s horn

  • Assess client’s heath/medical history for high-risk foot categories
  • Foot assessment for circulatory, diabetes and Neurological disorders, edema, skin discoloration, structure of the foot, pain assessment, sensory testing and safe foot wear
  • Reduction of thick nails
  • Monitor feet/skin condition to prevent skin breakdown and trauma
  • Padding as required
  • Health teaching of skin and nail condition and preventative measures